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Assembly of European Regions

Connecting regions, inspiring Europe since 1985

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This tag is for all posts relating to transports.

European Week of Regions and Cities 2016: side event on smart cities and communities for all

20 September, 2016 By Agnese Pantaloni

AER is happy to share within our network a side event organised by our friends of Age Platform Europe together with other partners in the context of the European Week of Regions and Cities 2016. The side event titled “Smart cities and communities for all: How to become smart and age-friendly” will take place on 10th October and is hosted by the Fundación Galicia Europa in Brussels.

The debate will offer room for discussion on inclusive smart cities and communities and shed light on concrete examples from cities and regions. It will also make the link with the Urban Agenda for the EU, the EIP on Active and Healthy Ageing, the EIP on Smart Cities and Communities, the emerging European Silver Economy Strategy, as well as the European Covenant on Demographic Change.

More information for this interesting initiative are available here.

We encourage our member regions and partners to join it!

Registration is open here.

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Regions lead the way to sustainable mobility

16 September, 2016 By Elin Berglie

The Sustainable Mobility Debate of REVOLVE took place in Brussels on Thursday 15 September 2016. Two panels and more than ten speakers advancing mobility solutions to reach a reduction of 50% in transport-related CO2 emissions by 2030. The opening speeches set the tone of the debate, introducing first the EU strategy towards low emission mobility (Edoardo Turano, DG Clima) and an advance of what would be a key question of the debate: how a mental shift is necessary to effectively achieve a model shift (Francois Bellot, Belgian Federal Minister of Mobility).

The first panel on how regions are showing the way towards sustainable mobility counted with four speakers. We were very proud to see three of our member regions sharing their experiences.

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Pascal Smet‘s presentation shared the very inspiring story of how the Region of Brussels (BE) wants to shift from a city for cars to a city for people. A big challenge in a city where cars have being in the focus of urban design for too long time. With half of the citizens not owing a car and just 4% of the population riding bikes in the city, there lots of room for improvement, and the first steps have been already taken. Alessia Masini, from the city of Pisa (Tuscany, IT), presented the initiatives that the city has started to implement in order to manage the big influx of commuters from the region (the city has less than 100.000 inhabitants but receives 200.ooo visits per day). A bet for intermodality is their trademark: a cable car “the people mover” will connect the city and the airport, and the recently gained navigability of the Arno river will open access the sea.

img_1944Jan Owe-Larsson spoke as chairman of the AER Working Group on Mobility and Transports, introducing the Assembly of European Regions and the work of the Committee 1 on developing sustainable regions. Afterwards he presented the case of Östergötland (SE). The region has achieved 100% renewable-fuelled public transport thanks to the use of biogas. But the challenge is now how to motivate the citizens to opt for the sustainable means of transport that are available for them. This requires a holistic approach, analysing the mobility needs of the population and identifying what triggers their behaviour, so we can make the public transport option the best one available.

14375442_10153718036385899_365166836_oFinally, Benoit Pavageau presented the specific challenges that the Canton of Geneva (CH) faces due to its location between he rest of the Helvetic Confederation and the French region of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes. Cross border cooperation is the only way to vertebrate the territory in a sustainable way, solving the challenges of a mountainous orography and a complicated demography, with one out of three worker in the city center living in France. Developing the railroad system is the chosen option (Léman 2030 Strategy), a combination of duplicating both frequency and capacity of the network and linking the system with neighbouring areas through new railways to be built before 2030.

img_1930At the end of the first panel, the moderator (Alexandre Brecx from AER’s secretariat) engaged the regions in the most pressing question: how to overcome the resistance of people to change their habits and embrace sustainable mobility? Brussels advised to use the increase in quality of life as a driving force for change. However, it is never an easy path. Our societies are focused on immediate results and expect short-term satisfaction, making it a challenge for politicians to dare to take up big projects. They know the initial resistance will dominate public discussion. Mr. Smet’s recommendation was to listen to the citizens when preparing the project; once the decision is taken, politicians should keep the communication channels open but stick to the decisions taken. Mr. Owe-Larsson insisted on the need for politicians to take their responsabilities and to “make it happen“.

The second panel was moderated by Xavier Tackoen (Espaces-Mobilités) and it presented innovative technologies advancing sustainable mobility. Remi Lebeda (IRU) presented how innovations in road planning can lead to a reduction in fuel consumption; Umberto Guida (UITP) presented how the bus sector tries to change how it is perceived and become a key piece of the pool of available mobility solutions; Wolfram Auer (Dopplemayr Group) invited us to think in three dimensions and consider urban cars as a flexible, efficient and accessible solution that can vertebrate a city, as it has been proved in Caracas and La Paz; and Stephan Schultz (15 marches) advanced a future where cars will be electric, shared services, and autonomously driven.

The debate was closed by Alain Flausch, Secretary General of the UITP. All in all, a very inspiring and comprehensive event organised by our friends (and neighbours at the Renewable Energy House) of REVOLVE. Thanks for inviting the European regions to be part of it!

Presentations

Presentation Sustainable Mobility – Marco Filippeschi, Pisa (IT)
Presentation Sustainable Mobility – Jan Owe-Larsson, AER and Östergötland (SE)
Presentation Sustainable Mobility – Pascal Smet, Brussels (BE)
Presentation Sustainable Mobility – Benoit Pavageau, Genève (CH)
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Invitation debate & exhibition: “reinventing urban mobility” 15 September, Brussels

24 August, 2016 By Editor

Within the framework of the European Mobility Week and in the follow-up to COP21 targets set in Paris, AER and Revolve Media invite you to its 2016 Mobility Debate about the solutions that are making mobility more sustainable on 15 September in Brussels, 15:00-20:00. This initiative is highlighting  the innovative solutions that exist today to encourage citizens and key stakeholders in Europe to take action in creating a more sustainable transport environment. Through this partnership,  AER is going to showcase regional initiatives and projects, bring visibility to its members and raise awareness on the importance of the regions in the European context. You can find out more about the partnership here.

Join leading European regions, international associations and companies in discussing the great challenges confronting mobility and transport within and between urban areas around Europe and beyond. The debate will be the kick-off of the European Mobility Week with a panel on “regions show the way” moderated by Mr Alexandre Brecx (AER Coordinator, Membership & Institutional relations) and speaker Jan Owe-Larsson – Region Östergötland (SE), Chairman of the AER WG Mobility & Transports.

Register now!

With keynote speeches from IRU and UITP plus the participation of the European Commission, regions, industries and companies striving to make mobility more sustainable.

Contact: Stuart Reigeluth
e: [email protected]
t: +32 2 318 3984

As part of the partnership, on top of the offer already announced we are happy to inform that AER’s members interested in participating in the Sustainable Mobility Debate and Exhibition can now showcase their Regions during the debate, in the Patio area of Residence Palace, on 8 large LCD monitors. You can use the order form for this purpose.

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Promote your region within the European Mobility Week!

13 July, 2016 By Agnese Pantaloni

AER and Revolve Media are happy to share with you a new initiative within their partnership and commitment on the issues of environment, sustainability, energy efficiency and green economy.

After the success of Visualizing Energy 2016 it now time for the launch of Sustainable Mobility 2016, a Revolve initiative within the European Mobility Week (16-22 September 2016).

This year the European Mobility Week will be held under the banner of “Smart and sustainable mobility – an investment for Europe”, referring to the close ties between transport and economics.  In this framework Revolve developed a unique action combining a special photo exhibition with a debate on reinventing urban mobility, which brings to light the innovative solutions that exist today to encourage citizens and key stakeholders in Europe to take action in creating a more sustainable transport environment.

The Sustainable Mobility Exhibition will show the innovative solutions that exist today to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% by 2030 and will be placed in key locations nearby the European Institutions and the green spaces of downtown Brussels.

The Sustainable Mobility Debate takes place on 15 September and will be the occasion to meet institutional parties, the business sector and European regions and to discuss about innovative technologies, policies and projects advancing sustainable mobility towards the big appointment of COP22. AER will moderate the session dedicated to regions showing the way and their experiences.

AER would like to invite all member regions and partners to be part of this experience, joining both the exhibition and the debate. Therefore register yourself as soon as possible!

An impact report of the previous edition is available for potential participants.

If you would like to know more about the best option for you joining the Sustainable Mobility, please contact Revolve Media:

– Stuart Reigeluth (Founder)

– Savina Cenuse (Executive Manager)

Phone +32 23183984

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Jan Owe-Larsson, Chairman of AER working group on Transports & Mobility

6 June, 2016 By Editor

Jan Owe-Larsson is the Chairman AERs working group on Transports & Mobility and the second vice-chair of Region Östergötland’s Transport and Urban Planning Committee. The AER working group aims for smart and connected regions and has recently broadened its activities to better grasp the potential and address issues and barriers for regions. With the digitalisation of the economy and the growing weight of data management, the working group now looks at themes such as connectivity and permeability (in particular intelligent transport systems, seamless transport services; -freight management & data; smart green infrastructure; financing of infrastructure; follow up of the regulation of state aid and regional airports.
Jan Owe-Larsson is particularly interested in leading the AER work on transport and mobility as this is also a key topic for Östergötland and Sweden in general. The construction of Sweden’s first high-speed train tracks is planned for 2017 with the region of Östergötland right at the heart of the project. The tracks will run between the capital – Stockholm – and the second and third largest cities, Gothenburg and Malmö. The first 150 kilometers running from Järna outside of Stockholm to Linköping, the biggest town of Östergötland. This part of the tracks is called Ostlänken (“the Eastern link”) and is hugely important for the region as the trains will have the possibility of stopping at stations in both of the region’s biggest towns.

“This investment is highly important for Sweden as it will shorten travel time between the three largest cities and the cities in between them, and because there isn’t enough room on the tracks that we currently have. Two new tracks will increase the ability of both freight and passenger trains to be on time and the improved conditions for commuting will boost economic growth. For Östergötland, less congested train traffic will be good for regional commuter trains which are currently being down-prioritized and new stations for commuter trains may be opened in the region”, says Jan-Owe-Larsson.

Sweden’s largest infrastructural investment in 150 years will mainly be financed by the Swedish national level through direct financing and loans, and there are also negotiations taking place regarding in what way municipalities along the tracks can contribute. Some of the financing is expected to come from EU programs.

Exciting times are ahead for Sweden and Östergötland, and we are looking forward to seeing the big project be taken under way.

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Interreg Central Europe: 2nd call is open!

28 April, 2016 By Agnese Pantaloni

The Interreg Central Europe launched the 2nd call for proposal, open until 23 June 2016 h 18:00 CET. This call offers around 90 million Euro ERDF co-financing for the best transnational project ideas in all programme priorities and specific objectives. The co-financing rates reach up to 85% depending on the location of an institution.

This programme is looking for transnational partnerships that jointly address challenges shared across central European cities and regions – related to either innovation, CO2 reduction, natural and cultural resources or transport. Such partnerships can be formed by both public and private organisations.

The eligible areas are all regions from Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, as well as eight Länder from Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen) and nine regions from Italy (Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Lombardia, Piemonte, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Valle d’Aosta and Veneto).

For an overview of already available partnerships and project ideas, we encourage you to join the free Interreg CE Community.

For more detailed information on the call and the application procedure, please refer to the application manual and other relevant documents.

The Interreg Central Europe is also organizing several events and training in order to introduce interested stakeholders to the basics of the 2nd call for proposals, giving information on the funding framework and the application process to potential applicants, complemented by good practices and open question rounds.

AER would like to share with eligible member regions and partners this opportunity of cooperation, therefore if you are interested to work on a project proposal and share your ideas we stay at disposal. Get in touch with us!

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AER/SEO new agreement to foster regions’ connectivity

18 April, 2016 By Agnese Pantaloni

AER is happy to launch a new partnership agreement with SEO Amsterdam Economics. The partnership enables AER members to take advantage from SEO’s in-depth knowledge of regional connectivity analysis. SEO’s service includes a connectivity scan, a benchmark with competing regions, an analysis of the strong and weak spots of a region’s connectivity and ways to improve a region’s connectivity.

SEO was founded in 1949 as a research institute of the Faculty of Economics at the University of Amsterdam and became legally independent from the University in 1980. It carries out applied economic research on behalf of the public and private sectors which can make a major contribution to the decision-making process of regions. SEO’s team consists of highly qualified experts within the fields of aviation economics, regional economics, econometrics and operations research.

Connectivity is a key factor to foster the regions’ competitiveness, in terms of attracting business, increasing the number of incoming tourists, enhancing social development, increasing employment figures and growing consumer welfare. Given the economic importance of being connected and being accessible, comprehensive insight into your region’s international connectivity performance is indispensable.

AER and SEO would like to enable regions to get an assessment service regarding their connectivity and accessibility, which can drive their regional development and competitiveness. To this aim, SEO provides a professional custom-made connectivity analysis and benchmark for AER members, which include:

  • A scan of your region’s connectivity;
  • A benchmark of your region’s connectivity with a selection of competing European regions of your choice;
  • An analysis of your region’s connectivity by transport mode;
  • Identification of so-called “white spots” of your region’s connectivity: underserved regions/ opportunities;
  • Advise on how to improve your region’s connectivity

The AER/SEO partnership has been officially presented to members at the Spring Committees Plenaries in Timis (RO) within the Working Group on Transport & Mobility and got positive feedbacks and interest from participants.

SEO is available to get in touch with regions and to provide additional information on its connectivity service.

Contact person:

Joost Zuidberg
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +31 20 525 1659
SEO website

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Mobility: smart and connected regions

30 January, 2016 By Johanna Pacevicius

With the digitalisation of the economy and the growing weight of data management, the AER Working Group on Transports has decided to widen its remit. The working group will now work on the different aspects of mobility and transports from a regional perspective.

Smart mobility

The themes the AER Working Group on Transports will focus include for instance:
-connectivity and permeability, in particular intelligent transport systems, seamless transport services
-freight management & data
-smart green infrastructure
-financing of infrastructure
-follow up of the regulation of state aid and regional airports

Collective knowledge

What the group wants to achieve is increased collective knowledge on current topics. This helps members to act at regional, national and european level. Sharing experiences feeds policy-making in the regions.
With its focus on mutual learning AER provides a particularly dynamic environment to initiate this work on transport and mobility.

 

Frequently Asked Questions:

-What is the procedure to join the working group?

Any AER member region can join the AER Working Group on Transports by sending an e-mail to Anna Lindberg: [email protected]

-Is the group for civil servants or politicians?

AER working groups are aimed at policy-makers, these can be elected representatives or civil servants

-When will be the next meeting of the AER Working Group on Transports?

During the AER plenaries 12-14 April 2016 in Timis (RO)

-How should I prepare for the next meeting?

If you have a good practice from your region on any of the topics listed above, we would be glad for you to share it at the meeting. Please contact Anna Lindberg: [email protected], to let us know what you would like to share and we will make sure to include it in the programme.

If you are intending to launch a new project or are faced with a particular challenge in your region, this would be very beneficial to share with the working group members. Please contact Anna Lindberg: [email protected] to let us know about it so we could also gather relevant information or contact specific stakeholders on this issue in advance.

-Who is the Chairperson of the AER Working Group on Transports?

Jan Owe-Larsson, County Councillor from Östergötland is currently the Chairman of the working group

 

Links

More information on the work in the AER Committee on Economy & Regional Development

 

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Connecting Europe Facility Calls for Proposals 2015

18 January, 2016 By Johanna Pacevicius

Through its 2015 multi-annual work programme, the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) has launched two calls for proposals for projects in the transport sector with deadline on February 16th.

The funds available are divided between allocations coming from the Cohesion Fund and a general call, totalling €7.6 billion (€6.47 through the Cohesion Fund and €1.09 through the general call). For the allocations from the Cohesion Fund, usual rules apply, meaning that only member states that are covered by the Cohesion Fund can receive funding. From the general call, any member state can receive funding.

There are a total of 12 priorities to be funded, divided into three funding objectives:

  1. removing bottlenecks and bridging missing links
  2. ensuring sustainable and efficient transport systems in the long run
  3. optimising the integration and interconnection of transport modes and enhancing interoperability, safety and security of transport.

The priorities range from projects concerning the corridors of the core network (which accounts for as much as €5 billion of the total funds available), to the single European sky and the motorways of the seas, to multimodal logistics platforms.

A proposal must address either works or studies, or a combination of the two as long as the respective activities and related budget are clearly defined and separated. The actions that can be funded are further specified in the description of each of the 12 priorities in the multi-annual work programme (found below). The selection criteria are based on a proposal’s relevance, maturity, impact and quality. Further information regarding the selection criteria can also be found in the multi-annual work programme.

Who can apply?

One or more member states or, with the agreement of the member states concerned, international organisations, joint undertakings, or public or private undertakings or bodies established in member states.

Budget

€7.6 billion, where €6.47 billion comes from the Cohesion Fund and €1.09 billion from the general envelope.

Application deadline

February 16th, 2016.

More information

Call for proposals – Cohesion Fund

Call for proposals – General Envelope

Multi-Annual Work Programme

Call page (including CEF Transport contact points, FAQ and calls flyer)

2015 CEF Transport Info Day

Content facilitated by the EU Office Region Östergötland

table on funding priorities CEF call 2015
table on funding priorities CEF call 2015
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Reflexion on aviation

18 December, 2015 By Editor

Roger Estefors, member of the Working Group on Transport and Regional Airports, shares some reflexions following the new proposal made by the European Commission for an aviation strategy in Europe:

The entire aviation sector in Europe has gone through a transformative process from 1986 until 1992 when the Third Aviation Liberalisation Package was agreed on. The process in itself was a culmination of liberalisation steps to create a single internal European market in aviation across the range of economic activity.

The process in itself meant a tumultuous time for Europe’s state-controlled airlines to transform themselves into actors in a free market with access to all Member State’s airports. The process covered a period when previously state owned airliners, so called Flag Carriers (FC), transformed into alliances alternatively merged with other companies or simply disappeared from the market. The period also characterised a shift in the structure of the passengers and their need of alternative carriers.

This opened up a market for existing small companies or newly established companies to adopt a North American concept of low service and ticket price approach. The transformation into an open market enabled a much broader population to travel by air due to the formation of a variety of new airliner named Low Cost Carriers (LCC). The dawning era of the LCC operators opened a window for European regions, looking for possibilities to increasing their connectivity to attract tourism, support the local industries and other stakeholders. More than 25 % of all the passengers within the EU are today travelling with LCC airliner registered in the EU.

The establishment of the LCC companies have over time created some problems in connection to state aid questions and regional efforts to attract LCC companies. New airports have been constructed or old ones have been modernised or enlarged in conflict with EU Guidelines and neighbour airports. The legal handlings of these abuses or mistakes have mostly been manageable by the Commission.

The presentation of a New Aviation Strategy for Europe gives a good opportunity to make reflexions over the difficulties politicians struggle with when it comes to questions within an international market characterized by fully state controlled players outside EU on one hand and on the other hand EU based private or state owned players acting within a free home market with access for non EU players flying in and out of EU.

In the documents that relate to the importance of the EU aviation sector, the number of employments directly related to the aviation sector is estimated to somewhat between 1.4 and 2.0 million jobs. The over all multiplying effect indicates that approximately 5 million jobs exists as a result of the aviation sector.

One of the reasons to launch a New Aviation Strategy is the ambition to keep all the jobs associated to the Aviation industries and act in a way that ensures growth and new jobs. One obstacle can be found in the debate concerning state aid which leeds to unfair competition, primarily from the Gulf carriers, such as Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways. The disturbance in the market and the risks involved affecting the conditions for the European aviation industries are officially outspoken by the Lufthansa Group in terms of ”The aviation policy of the UAE and Qatar are true game changers, putting capacity in the market at prices that airlines working under normal market conditions cannot reasonably match. This has led to a radical shift of market shares and connectivity from Europe to the Gulf and this process has only started” The problem at hand is not exclusively related to the Gulf Carriers. New destinations and other competitors are in the stage to move forward. The problem requires a solution that inherently is a problem.

From a regional perspective, it is apparent, that significant disruptions in the destination network for EU airliners caused by unfair competition indirectly harms the prospects for maintaining acceptable connectivity for the regions.

To know more about the AER working group on transport and regional airports, do not hesitate to contact Johanna Pacevicius, policy and knowledge transfer coordinator.


Roger Estefors, Västerbotten (SE)

Article by Roger Estefors.

Roger comes from Vasterbotten (SE) and is a member of the Working Group on Transport and Regional Airports, within the AER Committee for Economy and Regional Development

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New aviation strategy for Europe

18 December, 2015 By Editor

At the beginning of December Violeta Bulc, European Commissioner for Mobility and Transport, presented a New Aviation Strategy for Europe. The communication from the Commission states three focus areas.

The first part of the strategy covers the aim, on guaranteed equal conditions, to improve market access with third countries in combination with investment opportunities. The second part lays out the ambition to actively promote measures to overcome capacity gaps in the air and on the ground in combination with increasing efficiency and connectivity. The third part identifies the possibilities of shifting to a risk and perfomance approche to maintaining high EU safety and security standards

One, out of many other, driving forces that has been forwaded from the Aviation Industry to the Commission is the debate concerning state aid witch leeds to unfair competition, primarily from the Gulf carriers, such as Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways. The same pattern can also be found in emerging aviation markets such as China, Brazil and Turkey. The result of this unfair competition is that the Airliners inside the EU are losing money and market shares.

The Commission’s Aviation Strategy mediates an ambition to find solutions for the coming years that supports the development and expansion of the overall European Aviation industries. The strategy also covers significant measurements to secure the passengers safety in respect to terrorism as well as to the working conditions among staff members at airports and among flight operators.

Despite the outcome of the European Strategy it is unavoidable that Regional Airports will be affected by the onward development in the aviation sector. Initially there will be increasing costs for the adoption of the future safety and security measurements. The new competition pattern that originates from emerging markets like China will affect European regions in a negative direction, in particular concerning connectivity. On the regional level, measurements must be taken to outbalance or at least, to ease the consequences due to the shift in the markets and competition structures to come.

The working group on transport and regional airports will continue representing the regional interests in this issue. To know more about this working group, do not hesitate to contact Johanna Pacevicius, policy and knowledge transfer coordinator.

Read more background information and some reflexions by Roger Estefors on this issue.
More about the European Aviation Strategy.


Roger Estefors, Västerbotten (SE)

Article by Roger Estefors.

Roger comes from Vasterbotten (SE) and is a member of the Working Group on Transport and Regional Airports, within the AER Committee for Economy and Regional Development

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AER represented Regions at ACI’s Annual International Conference

19 June, 2014 By Editor

At the occasion of Airports Council International’s Conference and Exhibition on Europe’s regional airports in Madeira (PT) on 12-14 May, Jan Owe Larsson, Chairman of the AER Working Group on Transport and Regional airports, took part in a roundtable discussion on the economic effect of regional airports to territorial development.

With the aim of increasing the visibility of the important contribution regional airports make for the connectivity of Europe’s regions, he highlighted their direct and indirect benefits for our regions: increasing consumer welfare, stimulating incoming tourism, attracting businesses and raising employment levels, as well as enabling people in remote areas to discover Europe.

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Visit of the Volvo Manufacturing Centre in Wroclaw

19 June, 2014 By Editor

On 26 May, in the framework of the AER General Assembly, a study visit took place in the Volvo manufacturing centre in Wroclaw (PL). Around 60 people took part in this event co-organised by the Volvo Group. The introductory remarks on the strategies of this company in Europe were delivered by the Vice President Industry Europe Bengt Lundström, followed by a detailed explanation about the hybrid technology in urban transportation and a presentation of general strategies for the spatial planning in the regions.

AER members also enjoyed a tour of the plant, specifically of the hybrid buses production line, and learned about the challenges of the hybrid technology, for a greener and more efficient regional transportation.

Learn more about the Volvo Group, co-founder of the AER Business Community.

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Réforme territoriale : les conditions d’une réussite

5 June, 2014 By Editor

Paul Alliès, Professeur honoraire à l’Université de Montpellier
Emmanuel Négrier, Directeur de Recherches CNRS, CEPEL-Université de Montpellier
juin 2014

La réforme territoriale annoncée par François Hollande ce 2 juin 2014 porte sans nul
doute les stigmates d’un régime excessivement présidentialisé. Mais elle a le mérite
d’engager la France dans un processus de modernisation d’un système de
« collectivités locales » passablement archaïque du point de vue des changements
opérés ces dernières décennies en Europe. L’absence de choix entre niveaux de
conduites de politiques publiques, le maintien des Départements comme pivots
politico-administratifs de la décentralisation, la création d’un niveau supplémentaire –les Agglomérations- échappant au principe de l’élection directe, la reproduction d’un
paradigme uniforme pour fixer les compétences des Régions, tout ceci explique le
blocage de société qui caractérise le territoire de la République. On partira ici d’un
diagnostic qui devrait permettre, au de-là des querelles sur les découpages, une
réelle promotion des Régions dans un dispositif rénové.

Les Régions françaises se distinguent toujours de leurs homologues européennes
par une très faible institutionnalisation que n’ont modifié ni la loi constitutionnelle du
28 mars 2003 qui constitutionnalise pour la première fois la Région, ni la loi du 13
août 2004 qui lui transfère de nouvelles compétences, ni celles qui ont suivi depuis.
Deux raisons au moins à cela : la clause de compétence générale donnée à toutes
les collectivités locales et qui leur permet de sortir du domaine de leurs compétences
spécifiques ; l’absence d’ordre politique entre niveaux de collectivités. Même le
timide « chef de filat » prévu en 2004 n’a pas connu de réelle application. Sans
doute les Régions ont profité de cette mise en concurrence. Au-delà de leurs
compétences exclusives (le développement économique, la formation
professionnelle, la construction et l’entretien des lycées, l’équipement des
universités, l’organisation des transports ferroviaires de voyageurs d’intérêt régional
et désormais la santé), elles sont intervenues dans les registres aussi divers que
l’aménagement du territoire, le tourisme, l’environnement, l’action culturelle, la
recherche, les infrastructures de communication. Cela se fait à la marge de la
légalité, donnant à « la décentralisation à la française » cette allure d’illisibilité de l’action publique qui fait chuter le taux de participation des citoyens à toutes les
élections locales. A cet exercice confusionnel des compétences et leur financement
croisé s’ajoute la complexification des territoires. Les 21 Régions métropolitaines
ont à faire à 36.552 communes, 13.400 syndicats à vocation unique ou mixte, 2.145
EPCI à fiscalité propre (dont 222 communautés d’agglomération), 96 départements
et leur 4039 cantons sans oublier 3 territoires d’outre-mer et 3 collectivités à statut
particulier. Bientôt 11 Métropoles. Et encore faut-il faire entrer en ligne de compte
l’État ainsi que les programmes de l’Union Européenne et leur zonage. Si l’on veut
que la Région s’affirme comme un territoire de décision démocratique de référence,
comment configurer ses rapports à ce tissu institutionnel ?
A. Vis-à-vis du pouvoir communal-communautaire
Le succès des EPCI (99% des communes et 94% de la population sont dans un
régime d’intercommunalité) en fait un quatrième type de collectivité locale sans
statut constitutionnel ni légitimité démocratique. Une incontournable dynamique s’est imposée à leur profit qui autorise divers scénarios où se distingueraient les
« intercommunalités communalistes » à base cantonale, des « communautaristes »
avec les grandes agglomérations, les pays et les parcs naturels régionaux. C’est
avec ces quelque 450 entités de projets contractualisés que les Régions ont à jouer
pour affirmer un rôle de fédérateur des territoires. C’est là qu’elles démontreront
leurs capacités de programmation et d’expertise, de pilotage de synergies
productives (entre entreprises, universités, pôles de recherche et ces collectivités de
projets). C’est là aussi qu’elles pourraient inventer de nouvelles formes
démocratiques avec la généralisation des conseils de développement et le
renforcement des Conseils économiques et sociaux qui pourraient devenir des lieux
de proposition où des citoyens côtoient des élus. Une application stricte du cumul
des mandats et la dissociation des fonctions délibératives et exécutives aussi bien
dans les conseils communautaires que régionaux devraient l’encourager, surtout si
les Départements devaient évoluer vers des assemblées de conseillers d’EPCI.
B. Vis-à-vis des Départements
Ce sont eux qui ont reçu toujours plus de compétences de la part de l’État au prix
d’une possible paralysie, ce défaussement de l’État se faisant dans des secteurs où
l’investissement de celui-ci devenait problématique ; au prix aussi d’une possible
asphyxie financière. Ils sont en train de devenir des échelons administratifs contraint
à des dépenses obligatoires, bien que leur partenariat avec les quelque 2.500 EPCI
restés communalistes et inter-cantonaux puisse leur donner un semblant de vigueur.
Cela devrait passer alors par une réforme électorale (le scrutin de liste) ou par un changement de nature de la composition des « conseils généraux », ceux-ci
réunissant des délégués de structures intercommunales. Les Régions pourraient
donner une cohérence plus grande aux contrats de ville et de pays. La
généralisation de ces contrats infrarégionaux en mobilisant les Départements
pourrait changer la donne de la contractualisation telle que jusqu’ici l’État l’a traitée.
L’arrivée des Métropoles dans ce paysage est évidemment essentielle pour garantir
une dynamique européenne des nouveaux territoires.
C. Vis-à-vis de l’État
Celui-ci n’assume plus ses fonctions d’investisseur et d’aménageur du territoire. La
France bat sans doute les records européens d’inexécution budgétaire des
engagements centre-périphérie. Toutes les collectivités sont touchées. La minoration
de la part de la fiscalité locale dans les budgets régionaux aboutit à une véritable
tutelle financière. Des transferts comme celui des 95.000 agents de l’Education
Nationale ont dénaturé le rôle de la Région comme collectivité de mission et de
projet. La renationalisation cyclique de la conception, du contrôle et de l’évaluation
des programmes européens parachève ce tableau. Le renversement de ce système
suppose des transferts de compétences et de ressources humaines en provenance
des administrations territoriales de l’État. Depuis une décennie, celui-ci a opéré un
changement d’échelle depuis un centre de gravité départemental vers une certaine
régionalisation des services. Naturellement, il ne s’agit pas de doter les régions,
actuelles ou récemment projetées par les annonces présidentielles, de moyens
équivalents à ceux des grandes régions de pays fédéraux ou quasi-fédéraux. Qu’on
en juge par un exemple : la réunion des deux régions méridionales de LanguedocRoussillon et de Midi-Pyrénées aboutirait à un ensemble de près de 6 millions d’habitants, assez proche de la Catalogne voisine, en Espagne (7,5 millions). Mais l’addition, sans nouveau transfert, de leurs budgets respectifs aboutirait à moins de 3 milliards d’euros, tandis que le budget catalan dépasse les 30 milliards. Un tel écart est certes à mettre au crédit d’une diversité structurelle du fait régional en Europe.
Cependant, chacun sent qu’une véritable réforme régionale, à la mesure des
ambitions affichées par le président Hollande, n’aura de sens que nourrie par des
transferts significatifs de ressources en provenance de l’État, et notamment de ses
échelons territoriaux. Cette décentralisation sans déconcentration parallèle
confirmera une inversion dans le modèle français d’administration territoriale, avec
un État qui, loin de suivre le changement d’échelle proposé à des régions
fusionnées, réduirait sa présence territoriale en se recomposant a minima à l’échelle
départementale. À ce scénario s’oppose une lecture fiscale et financière de la
réforme territoriale, conçue pour redonner à un État exsangue quelques marges de
manœuvre en accentuant la pression sur des collectivités territoriales ne disposant pas des moyens de leurs nouvelles attributions. Ce renversement systémique implique également une extension du pouvoir réglementaire régional ou une reconnaissance d’un pouvoir législatif secondaire aux Régions comme c’est le cas
dans un nombre grandissant de pays européens. Il semble souhaitable que soient
strictement garantis :
1°) l’équivalence et l’indexation de transferts financiers à euros
constants correspondant aux attributions transférées par l’Etat après évaluation de
l’état des lieux et selon le suivi établi par un observatoire des compétences au
niveau national et au statut indépendant ou paritaire.
2°) la définition d’une fiscalité
propre par partage de produits de taxes ou impôts indirects assurant une réelle
autonomie de choix aux assemblées locales.
3°) la réforme en profondeur de la
fiscalité locale dont l’assiette se réduit comme peau de chagrin et dont l’injustice et
l’archaïsme sont une source d’inégalités contre lesquelles les élus locaux ne peuvent
rien.
4°) l’autonomie financière des collectivités (tels que le proposaient les rapports
Mauroy et Balladur), corrigée par des mécanismes de péréquation qui supposent la
simplification des concours de l’État et l’augmentation de sa contribution à
l’équipement des collectivités qui sont le terrain des plus fortes inégalités. La DGF
pourrait ainsi devenir l’outil principal et efficace de la redistribution.
D. Vis à vis de l’Union Européenne
La régionalisation doit contribuer à la redéfinition, au niveau communautaire et à
partir de la notion de “biens communs” acceptée par les traités, d’une sphère de
l’intérêt général (la santé, l’éducation, la recherche, l’énergie) et d’un modèle de
service public à l’européenne où l’État aura un rôle déterminant, y compris à travers
une politique industrielle. L’heure n’est plus, si elle l’a jamais été, à la peur d’une
“Europe des régions”. Les statuts des Régions au sein des États membres de l’UE
varient presque à l’infini, depuis celles des « nationalismes minoritaires » à celles
des « gouvernances » de basse intensité. En France les pouvoirs locaux ne seront
pas en opposition au pouvoir d’État si celui-ci organise et encourage la diversité et
une nouvelle division du travail avec les collectivités territoriales pour une présence
renforcée dans la définition des politiques publiques européennes.

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TEN-T: A journey to where?

18 May, 2014 By Editor

Building on the will over the last 20 years to provide Europe with a fully integrated trans-European transport network (TEN-T), the European Commission issued, in December 2013, the new guidelines for its implementation and its financial instrument Connecting Europe Facility (CEF).

While the attainment of an all-integrated European area at the service of the single market implies a coherent strategy at EU level, transports issues are of the highest importance for regional policy objectives. Thus, the AER WG on Transport gathered on 30 April to discuss whether and where the TEN-T is driving European regions together with DG MOVE, DG REGIO, the business sector (CER, UIC), EURAC Research experts.

Hosted by the Region East Sweden (SE), the event welcomed over 40 stakeholders who shared their negotiations and funds’ leveraging experience, as well as best practices in transport-related territorial cooperation. The discussion highlighted the inherent necessity to adopt an encompassing approach integrating accessibility, environmental, economic and social concerns to transport policy. It pointed out the constraints related to the current tense state of EU neighbourhood policy.

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